Some of these vehicles have a range of as much as 210 kilometers on a single charge, enough for a week’s commute in some of the country’s largest cities, and the companies are also building more charging points across the country.

But the availability of charging facilities across India remains inadequate compared to China or western economies, which make long journeys out-of-reach. Oil Minister Hardeep Singh Puri said this week that India’s oil companies would set up charging stations in main cities and on national highways.

Another hurdle is the massive size of the Indian two-wheeler fleet, which will “take a lot of time to turn over through the fleet and replace existing vehicles,” said Cuneyt Kazokoglu, head of oil demand at London-based energy consultancy FGE.

There is also little consensus around the sector’s growth forecast: the country’s biggest oil refiner Indian Oil Corp., projects that the share of electric two-wheelers is likely to be only 30% of sales in 2030. FGE sees just 5% of total scooter sales around 2025 to 2030 being electric.

Nevertheless, Indian refiners have already started shifting away from gasoline and diesel, efforts which will likely be accelerated after Modi’s pledge.

Indian Oil has started battery swapping for electric vehicles at some of its refueling stations while Reliance Industries Ltd., India’s most valuable company and operator of the world’s biggest oil refining complex, plans to make its operations carbon neutral by 2035.

What industry players want now is a stated goal from the Modi government on phasing out gas-powered two-wheelers.

“In the absence of concrete conversion targets, it’s difficult for companies to make concrete plans,” said Naveen Munjal, an industry veteran who launched India’s first electric bicycle in 2001 and its first e-scooter in 2007. He’s now the managing director of Hero Electric.

“If there is a policy in place that we have to convert by 2025 or 2030, then the whole ecosystem will fall in place,” he said.