Energy consumption energy,saving system and equipments

courtesy : Energy consumption energy ,saving system and equipments

Energy conservation opportunities by sector

Buildings

Existing buildings

One of the primary ways to improve energy conservation in buildings is to perform an energy audit. An energy audit is an inspection and analysis of energy use and flows for energy conservation in a building, process, or system with an eye toward reducing energy input without negatively affecting output. This is normally accomplished by trained professionals and can be part of some of the national programs discussed above. Recent development of smartphone apps enables homeowners to complete relatively sophisticated energy audits themselves.

Building technologies and smart meters can allow energy users, both commercial and residential, to visualize the impact their energy use can have in their workplaces or homes. Advanced real-time energy metering can help people save energy by their actions.

Businesses implementing ECMs in their commercial buildings often employ Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) experienced in energy performance contracting. This industry has been around since the 1970s and is more prevalent than ever today. The US-based organization EVO (Efficiency Valuation Organization) has created a set of guidelines for ESCOs to adhere to in evaluating the savings achieved by ECMs. These guidelines are called the International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP).

Dataloggers can also be installed to monitor exactly what the interior temperature and humidity levels are to provide a more precise understanding of the conditions. If the data gathered is then compared with the users’ perceptions of comfort, more fine-tuning of the interiors can be implemented (e.g., in increasing the temperature where AC is used to prevent over-cooling).

New buildings

In passive solar building design, windows, walls, and floors are made to collect, store, and distribute solar energy in the form of heat in the winter and reject solar heat in the summer. This is called passive solar design or climatic design because, unlike active solar heating systems, it does not involve the use of mechanical and electrical devices.

The key to designing a passive solar building is to best take advantage of the local climate. Elements to be considered include window placement and glazing type, thermal insulation, thermal mass, and shading. Passive solar design techniques can be applied most easily to new buildings, but existing buildings can be retrofitted.

Transportation

In the United States, suburban infrastructure evolved during an age of relatively easy access to fossil fuels, which has led to transportation-dependent systems of living. Zoning reforms that allow greater urban density, as well as designs for walking and bicycling, can greatly reduce energy consumed for transportation. Many Americans work in jobs that allow for remote work, instead of commuting to work each day, which is a significant opportunity to conserve energy.

Environmental impacts consist of a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. After limiting the access of cars to the city center in Madrid, nitrogen oxide levels fell by 38% and carbon dioxide fell by 14.2% in the city center.

#ISBC

#Environmental impacts consist

#Carfree city

#Energy Service Companies (ESCOs)