# Author: Er Arun Tamang Eleotronics Engineer , NIT Sikkim ,India https://nitsikkim.ac.in/

Portugal played an active role in drafting the document adopted at the Summit, including in the establishment of the common position to be taken by the European Union (EU), particularly in: i) recognizing the need to give more attention to issues pertaining to peace, security and good governance, with an emphasis on the situation of fragile States; ii) promoting and advocating the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans, an issue of critical importance to Portugal; and iii) integrating a strong human rights dimension that tackles inequalities, while paying particular attention to the gender equality issues. Portugal also argues that this Agenda needs to be based on genuine shared responsibilities between public and private actors, as well as between developed and developing countries, in addition to the traditional North South approach. Concerning the debate on the adaptation of the United Nations system to the challenges of the 2030 Agenda, Portugal has been arguing for an adjustment that would enable it to follow up on the degree of political commitment made, while highlighting the need to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of a United Nations system based on structured co-operation and complementarity between the different actors at the global, regional and national levels, that exploits synergies and interdependencies between their competences and strategies, avoids duplication and seeks to maximize capabilities and impact. Other ongoing multilateral processes Moreover, Portugal has been strongly involved in the efforts undertaken by other international bodies to align their respective policies and instruments to the SDGs, in particular: i) the newly created contact network of the Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa (CPLP) [Community of Portuguese-Speaking
Countries] aimed at achieving the SDGs and, in so doing, promotes experiencesharing and partnerships for the implementation of the 2030 Agenda; ii) the adoption of an Action Plan of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) on the SDGs with a view to mainstream the SDGs across the organisation’s work; and iii) the process of modernizing the OECD Development Assistance Committee, financing tools and the statistical reporting system, in the light of the SDGs

URBAN HEAT LOCAL FOOD FOO PRODUCTION Sustainable food transition in Portugal: Assessing the Footprint of dietary choices and gaps in national and local food policies The food system is increasingly acknowledged as the single largest reason for humans’ transgression of key planetary limits and it is gaining centrality in our societal run-up towards a sustainable future, especially at city level. In Portugal, a country characterized by high meat and fish consumption, noticeable food wastage, and high urbanization level, fully understanding and then transforming the food system is of priority. Here we investigate the significance of food in comparison to other daily anthropogenic demands and the current sourcing and resource intensities profiles of dietary patterns at Portuguese national and city level through Ecological Footprint Accounting. A critical assessment of gaps in national and local food policies to trigger a major transformation in the Portuguese food system is also conducted on the basis of a newly proposed analytical framework. Results show that food consumption in Portugal is the single largest reason (≈30%) for transgressing the carrying capacity of Earth ecosystems but, despite the urgent need for changes in Portuguese food systems, major deficiencies in local policy implementation exist with weak policy commitment, coordination, and lacking institutional capacity as food policies – especially at the local level  are still not prioritized. In 2014, an average Portuguese resident demanded the equivalent of 3.69 global hectares  worth of natural resources and ecological services aka Ecological Footprint – to sustain its lifestyle and overall consumption pattern, despite a national resource availability – aka biocapacity – of just 1.28 gha per capita (Galli et al., 2020); the Ecological Footprint (EF) of city residents ranged from 3.12 gha cap−1 in the city of Lagoa to 3.84 gha−1 in the city of Almada thus showing differences among the different territories, with higher Ecological Footprints found in those cities with higher income levels and spending power. According to Galli et al. (2020) and similar to the national situation, all six municipalities operated in a biocapacity deficit situation in 2014 and food consumption was found to be the main driver of the Ecological Footprint of Portuguese households at both national and city level , thus calling for a detailed food analysis. For each city, results were broken down into the main consumption categories, plus Government and Gross Fixed Capital Formation, according to the COICOP 2-digit classification. Results show the land appropriation due to the direct activities of households, businesses and the government.