#Author:Er Arun Tamang, Eleotronices Engieering NIT Sikkim India https://nitsikkim.ac.in
In Peru, most emissions come from agriculture, deforestation, transportation and electricity generation, which are the most urgent sectors to transform. Achieving carbon neutrality means reducing carbon emissions in all sectors of the economy, as well as maintaining healthy and productive forests and other carbon-rich ecosystems to balance the remaining emissions. It is essential to protect and sustainably manage the country’s forests to maintain and increase carbon sinks. Reducing deforestation would generate a net benefit of nearly US$29 billion by 2050 as a result of increased revenues from sales of agroforestry products, timber and non-timber products, and ecosystem services. To enable these actions, the government needs to encourage silvopastoral and agroforestry systems, complete forest management and the allocation of forest rights, and improve the environmental management capacity of the various key entities involved in forest management and protection, such as local governments. Farmers need technical assistance, financing and legal certainty to adopt practices that protect forests while increasing community incomes. Electromobility is also key. The study finds that a 100% electric public transport that achieves a 70% share of total passenger mobility by 2050 would bring net benefits of US$92 billion. This would come from operational savings, less time lost in traffic and increased competitiveness in cities, as well as a reduction in accidents and improvements in health through better air quality. To enable this
transition, new business models and concessional financing are needed to make electric buses, cabs and motorcycle cabs profitable for the private sector. Finally, decarbonizing the energy sector will reduce its own emissions and increase the impact of electromobility. High renewability of the electricity and energy matrix, improved energy efficiency in the different activities, and massification of smart grids will be key to reducing emissions. It will also reduce operating costs and improve health by reducing the use of polluting technologies, which would generate net benefits of US$ 2 billion by 2050. It is important to continue with the regulatory efforts and the generation of incentives in Peru to promote a greater penetration of renewables in the energy system.
