#Author: Er Arun Tamang ,Eleotronices Engieering NIT Sikkim India https://nitsikkim.ac.in/
DHA Desalination and Power Plant
It is the first project of its kind in Pakistan which desalinates water from the Arabian Sea for human consumption as well as provides Electrical Power to the KESC Grid. The capacity of the Power plant is 94 MW (Mega Watts) and
that of the desalination plant is 3 MIGD (Million Imperial Gallons per Day). Electrical Power generated here is supplied to the 132 KV (kilo-volt) KESC grid whereas the Desalinated Water is supplied to CBC/DHA for local distribution. The fuel for the Power Plant is Natural Gas which will be provided by the Sui Southern Gas Company Limited (SSGCL) via 20″ diameter pipeline. The Electrical Power is generated by two turbines. One is Gas fired with the generation capacity of 67MW. The other is Steam fired with the generation capacity of 27 MW. The project is carried out by DHA Cogen Limited (DCL). It is a Public Limited Company which was incorporated in the city of Karachi on January 19, 2003. The company is a joint venture between Defence Housing Authority, Karachi
(DHA) and Sacoden Investments, Singapore (SI). The contract for building the Power Plant was given to Siemens AG Germany (SAG) who also supplied the two turbines used in the plant. The Desalination Plant is built by Alfa Level,
Copenhagen, Denmark (ALC) and the civil works is carried out by Siemens Pakistan (SPK). The Civil Works component of the project was a huge task in tself which included the necessary support infrastructure in terms of fuel gas supply, seawater intake, 132KV Sub Station, water treatment, under ground storage, workshop, stores, control room and administration offices. A neat thing about this project is that a by-product of power generation i.e. steam is used as a fuel to desalinate water. The two power turbines of the Power station are connected together (as a single shaft configuration) along with a Heat
Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG). The steam turbine is designed to exhaust steam directly to the two MED (multi effect distillation) plants to provide energy input to the MED desalination process. Pakistan’s Other Water Desalination Plants:
1. A desalination plant was installed in 1987 in Saindak Copper Mines in Balochistan. This plant uses the brackish water Reverse Osmosis (BWRO) process.
2. Another desalination plant was installed in 1995 and commissioned in 1996 at the HUBCO power station outside Karachi. This plant uses Reheat type Multi-effect distillation (MED) desalination.
3. KANUPP near Karachi operates a Sea Water Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) desalination plant to meet its operating
References:-
http://www.slmdc.com
Coastline Protection From Sea Level
Pakistan has a 1,046-km-long coastline that stretches along the border of the Arabian Sea. The Sindh coastline is about 320km long, and runs along Sir Creek on the east to Hub River on the west. The coastline of Karachi is about 70km long, and is located between Cape Monze and Korangi Creek. Sea levels are rising at a significant rate because of global warming caused by carbon dioxide and other gases being released into the atmosphere in large quantities. Melting of glaciers, the heating and expansion of oceans and the melting of the Antarctic ice caps are contributing to sea level rise (SLR).Some studies project sea levels to rise by 60 centimetres, or two feet, by 2050 and 110cm (3.6 feet) by 2100. SLR projection is influenced by subsidence, oceanographic effects and mass balance changes with the ice sheets. According to Nasa’s climate change website, the global rate of change of sea level is 3.3 millimetres (mm) per year and the sea level increased by 240mm (nearly 10
nches) from about 1870 to 2019
Pakistan recognizes the impacts of climate change and the importance of
protecting the coastal ecosystem. Funded by PROBLUE, the rapid blue carbon assessment highlights that mangrove forests of Pakistan have the potential of storing approximately 20 million tons of organic carbon. They also have the potential to remove an additional 25 million tons of carbon dioxide emission by 2050, if efforts by the
coastal provinces to achieve the goal of restoring 350,000 hectares of mangrove
forest, which Pakistan is committed to restoring under the REDD+ project (Reduce Emission from Deforestation and forest Degradation +
conservation, mgmt., carbon), which aims to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and foster conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks. Encouraged by findings of the assessment, the government of Pakistan included blue carbon commitments in its updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) under the Paris Agreement, which was unveiled at COP 26 in Glasgow
last November 2021.
References:-
https://www.envpk.com
https://research.fit.edu
https://blogs.worldbank.org
