#Author:Er Arun Tamang, Eleotronices Engieering NIT Sikkim India https://nitsikkim.ac.in
Through the encounters of the formal and the informal in the city, Peruvian architecture culture has set the basis for an appropriated modernity, for a new paradigm of development that is waiting for new a materialization of public architecture and urbanism in this new century. Particularly, in the architecture of
mass housing these encounters expose the social, political, and economic conflicts and ideals of the population, as much as integrate them into the social space, territory and material culture. Modern architecture in Lima has played a crucial role in the negotiation and linkage of ideas and forms of inhabitation between the functional and the marginal city. The role of state agencies (CNV, FNSBS, INVI, JNV, among others) that designed and built the housing projects reinforce the significance of “everyday” architecture and design in modern urban culture Particularly, in the state sponsored housing projects, these encounters expose both its tensions and potentials. This essay reviews the process of housing modernization process in Lima, in which two supposedly opposite worlds have architecturally merged to achieve a new urbanity. The ideas presented in this research, reveal that Peruvian modernity, deals with the encounter of a rationally systematized spatial organization with a spontaneously squatted and self-built architecture. It reviews the emergence of informal urbanism and the reassessment of self-help and informality within the design disciplines. By doing this, the essay reassesses this unique encounter of bottom-up and top-down processes, and exposes how architecture builds urbanity and consequently provides the physical setting for social empowerment. The text also reveals and depicts five different architectural and city-making strategies through housing projects that have shaped the image of modern Lima. These ideas have created neighborhoods that promote incremental urban development with limited resources, as well as represent the most successful forms of urbanization that have been able to link the formal and the informal city,encouraging social and urban encounters.
